ADHD Testing for Children in BC: A Parent's Complete Guide

Last Updated: May 2026

Quick Answer

ADHD testing for children in BC is available through two main pathways: free school-based assessments (6-12 month wait times) and private psychoeducational assessments ($1,500-$3,500). A comprehensive assessment includes IQ testing, academic achievement measures, attention assessments, and behavioral rating scales. While MSP covers publicly-funded assessments, most families choose private testing for faster results and more detailed diagnostic reports that support school accommodations and treatment planning.

Watching your child struggle with attention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity can be both heartbreaking and overwhelming for parents. If you're wondering whether your child might have ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), you're not alone. In British Columbia, many families navigate the complex process of seeking proper assessment and diagnosis for their children.

This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about ADHD testing for children in BC, from recognizing the early signs to understanding your assessment options, costs, and what happens after diagnosis.

Understanding ADHD in Children

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately 5-10% of children worldwide. In BC, thousands of children and families are impacted by ADHD, which can significantly affect academic performance, social relationships, and daily functioning.

The disorder presents in three main types:

Inattentive Type: Difficulty focusing, following instructions, and completing tasks
Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: Excessive movement, fidgeting, and impulsive behaviors
Combined Type: Features of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms

Signs That Your Child May Need an ADHD Assessment

Academic and School-Related Signs

Many parents first notice ADHD symptoms in academic settings where sustained attention and organization are crucial. Key indicators include:

Attention and Focus Issues:

Difficulty completing homework or school assignments
Frequently losing school supplies, homework, or books
Struggling to follow multi-step instructions
Appearing to not listen when spoken to directly
Making careless mistakes in schoolwork despite understanding the material
Avoiding or procrastinating on tasks requiring sustained mental effort

Organizational Challenges:

Messy desk, backpack, or bedroom
Forgetting to turn in completed homework
Difficulty keeping track of schedules and deadlines
Struggling with time management and being frequently late
Having trouble prioritizing tasks

Behavioral and Social Signs

ADHD symptoms extend beyond the classroom and often impact social interactions and family life:

Hyperactivity Symptoms:

Excessive fidgeting, tapping, or squirming
Difficulty remaining seated when expected
Running or climbing inappropriately
Talking excessively
Appearing to be "driven by a motor"

Impulsivity Indicators:

Interrupting conversations or games
Difficulty waiting for their turn
Blurting out answers before questions are complete
Making decisions without considering consequences
Engaging in risky behaviors

Social and Emotional Signs:

Difficulty maintaining friendships
Frequent conflicts with siblings or peers
Low self-esteem or frequent frustration
Emotional outbursts or mood swings
Difficulty reading social cues

Age-Specific Considerations

Preschool Age (3-5 years):
While ADHD can be diagnosed as early as age 4, symptoms in very young children can be more difficult to distinguish from typical developmental behaviors. Look for extreme versions of normal preschool behaviors that persist across different settings.

Elementary School Age (6-11 years):
This is when ADHD symptoms often become most apparent as academic and behavioral demands increase. Teachers may be the first to notice and suggest evaluation.

Middle School and Beyond (12+ years):
Symptoms may evolve as hyperactivity decreases but attention and organizational challenges often intensify with increased academic demands.

The Two Main Pathways for ADHD Testing in BC

When seeking ADHD testing for your child in BC, you have two primary options, each with distinct advantages and limitations.

School-Based Assessment Pathway

How It Works:
BC's public school system provides psychological assessments through school district psychologists. This pathway begins with your child's teacher or school counselor identifying concerns and making a referral.

Advantages:

Completely free of charge
Conducted by qualified school psychologists
Results in direct school-based recommendations
Familiar school environment for testing
Integrated with existing school support systems

Limitations:

Waiting lists typically range from 6-12 months, sometimes longer
Focus primarily on educational impacts rather than comprehensive diagnosis
Limited time allocated per assessment
May not include full diagnostic battery
Scheduling conflicts with school calendar and psychologist availability

What's Included:
School-based assessments typically include:

Cognitive assessment (abbreviated)
Academic achievement testing
Behavioral rating scales from teachers and parents
Classroom observations
Educational recommendations

Timeline:

Initial referral and consent: 2-4 weeks
Wait for assessment: 6-12+ months
Assessment completion: 4-6 weeks
Report and meeting: 2-3 weeks

Private Psychoeducational Assessment

How It Works:
Private assessments are conducted by registered psychologists in private practice. You can self-refer or obtain a referral from your family doctor, pediatrician, or other healthcare provider.

Advantages:

Much shorter wait times (typically 2-8 weeks)
Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation
More time allocated for thorough assessment
Detailed reports suitable for multiple purposes
Flexible scheduling options
Choice of psychologist and assessment approach

Limitations:

Significant out-of-pocket cost ($1,500-$3,500)
Not covered by MSP
May not be covered by extended health benefits
Requires research to find qualified psychologist

What's Included:
Private assessments typically offer more comprehensive evaluation:

Full cognitive/IQ assessment
Academic achievement testing
Attention and memory measures
Behavioral and emotional assessments
Detailed diagnostic report
Treatment and accommodation recommendations
Follow-up consultations

For more information about private assessment options in Vancouver, visit our ADHD Assessment Vancouver page.

What a Full Psychoeducational Assessment Includes for Children

A comprehensive psychoeducational assessment for ADHD involves multiple components designed to provide a complete picture of your child's cognitive, academic, and behavioral functioning.

Cognitive Assessment (IQ Testing)

Purpose:
Cognitive testing measures your child's intellectual abilities across different domains to understand their learning potential and identify any cognitive strengths or weaknesses.

Common Tests Used:

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC-II)

What It Measures:

Verbal comprehension
Visual-spatial processing
Fluid reasoning
Working memory
Processing speed

Why It Matters for ADHD:
Children with ADHD often show specific patterns in cognitive testing, particularly in working memory and processing speed. This information helps differentiate ADHD from learning disabilities and informs treatment approaches.

Academic Achievement Testing

Purpose:
Academic testing assesses your child's current level of academic skills compared to same-age peers and their cognitive potential.

Areas Assessed:

Reading skills (decoding, fluency, comprehension)
Written language (spelling, written expression)
Mathematics (calculation, problem-solving)

Common Tests:

Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT-III)
Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (KTEA-3)

ADHD Connection:
Academic underachievement despite adequate intelligence is often a red flag for ADHD. The assessment can identify whether difficulties stem from attention problems, learning disabilities, or both.

Attention and Memory Measures

Continuous Performance Tests:
These computerized tests measure sustained attention, impulsivity, and response consistency over extended periods.

Common Tests:

Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT-3)
Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA)
Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-2)

Working Memory Assessment:
Specialized tests evaluate your child's ability to hold and manipulate information in mind, a key area of difficulty for many children with ADHD.

Behavioral Rating Scales

Parent Rating Scales:
Parents complete detailed questionnaires about their child's behavior across different settings and situations.

Teacher Rating Scales:
Teachers provide crucial information about classroom behavior, attention, and academic performance.

Common Rating Scales:

Conners' Rating Scales (parent and teacher versions)
Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-3)
ADHD Rating Scale-5
Vanderbilt Assessment Scales

Self-Report Measures:
For children 8 years and older, self-report measures can provide insight into the child's own perception of their difficulties and emotional state.

Clinical Interviews and Observations

Parent Interview:
Detailed discussion of developmental history, current concerns, family history, and impact on daily functioning.

Child Interview:
Age-appropriate discussion with the child about their experiences, feelings, and perceptions of their difficulties.

Behavioral Observations:
Throughout testing, the psychologist observes the child's behavior, attention, and response to structure and demands.

Cost Breakdown for Private Child ADHD Assessments in BC

Understanding the financial investment required for private ADHD testing helps families plan and budget appropriately.

Typical Cost Ranges

Basic Assessment Package: $1,500 - $2,200

Abbreviated cognitive assessment
Academic screening
ADHD-focused attention measures
Parent and teacher rating scales
Clinical interview and report
One feedback session

Comprehensive Assessment Package: $2,500 - $3,500

Full cognitive/IQ assessment
Comprehensive academic achievement testing
Multiple attention and memory measures
Extensive behavioral rating scales
Detailed clinical interviews
Comprehensive written report
Multiple feedback and consultation sessions
Follow-up support

Factors Affecting Cost

Psychologist's Experience and Credentials:

Doctoral-level psychologists: Higher fees
Specialized ADHD expertise: Premium pricing
Location (urban vs. rural): Urban areas typically more expensive

Assessment Complexity:

Co-occurring conditions (learning disabilities, anxiety, etc.)
Need for additional specialized testing
Multiple consultation sessions
Expedited timelines

Additional Services:

School consultation and advocacy: $150-$300 per hour
Follow-up assessments: $500-$1,000
Treatment planning and coordination: $150-$250 per session

For detailed information about assessment costs across BC, see our comprehensive guide on ADHD Assessment Cost in BC.

Payment Options and Considerations

Extended Health Benefits:
Many extended health plans provide partial coverage for psychological assessments. Coverage typically ranges from $500-$2,000 per year. Check with your benefits provider about:

Annual maximums for psychological services
Requirements for referrals or pre-authorization
Preferred provider networks
Claim submission procedures

Health Spending Accounts (HSA):
If available through your employer, HSAs can be used to pay for psychological assessments with pre-tax dollars.

Payment Plans:
Many private psychologists offer payment plans to help families manage the cost:

Split payment over assessment period
Extended payment terms
Family discount for multiple children

MSP Coverage for Child ADHD Assessments

Understanding what Medical Services Plan (MSP) covers and doesn't cover helps families make informed decisions about assessment pathways.

What MSP Covers

Publicly-Funded Assessments:
MSP fully covers ADHD assessments conducted by:

School district psychologists
Child and Youth Mental Health (CYMH) psychologists
Hospital-based psychologists
Psychiatrists in public practice

Medical Consultations:
MSP covers consultations with:

Family physicians for initial evaluation and referrals
Pediatricians for medical assessment
Child psychiatrists for diagnosis and medication management

What MSP Doesn't Cover

Private Practice Assessments:
MSP does not cover psychological assessments conducted by psychologists in private practice, regardless of the psychologist's qualifications or the medical necessity of the assessment.

Additional Services:

School advocacy and consultation
Follow-up therapy or counseling
Educational coaching or tutoring
Alternative or complementary treatments

Accessing Publicly-Funded Services

Child and Youth Mental Health (CYMH):
CYMH provides mental health services, including ADHD assessments, for children and youth up to age 19.

Access Process:

Referral from physician, school, or self-referral
Initial intake assessment
Waitlist for comprehensive assessment
Assessment completion
Treatment planning and follow-up

Wait Times:
CYMH wait times vary by region but typically range from 3-8 months for assessment and up to 12 months for ongoing services.

Eligibility:
All BC children and youth are eligible for CYMH services regardless of family income or insurance status.

School Accommodations: How ADHD Diagnosis Helps

An ADHD diagnosis opens doors to various educational supports and accommodations that can significantly improve your child's school experience and academic success.

Individual Education Plans (IEPs)

What is an IEP?
An Individual Education Plan is a written plan developed collaboratively by school staff, parents, and sometimes the student, outlining specific learning goals and the services needed to achieve them.

How ADHD Diagnosis Helps:
A formal ADHD diagnosis provides the documentation needed to qualify for an IEP and access special education services.

IEP Components for ADHD:

Specific learning goals and objectives
Accommodations and modifications
Support services (counseling, resource room)
Behavioral interventions
Transition planning

Common Accommodations for Students with ADHD

Testing Accommodations:

Extended time on tests and assignments
Frequent breaks during testing
Quiet, distraction-free testing environment
Alternative test formats (oral vs. written)
Use of calculator or computer when appropriate

Classroom Accommodations:

Preferential seating (front of class, away from distractions)
Breaking down assignments into smaller parts
Providing written instructions along with verbal
Access to fidget tools or movement breaks
Modified homework expectations

Behavioral Supports:

Clear expectations and consistent routines
Positive behavior support plans
Social skills instruction
Counseling or check-in time with school counselor
Collaboration with parents on behavior strategies

Resource Room Support

What is Resource Room:
A resource room is a separate classroom where students receive individualized or small-group instruction from a special education teacher.

Services Provided:

Academic support in specific subject areas
Study skills and organizational training
Assistance with homework and assignments
Social skills development
Transition support between activities

Scheduling:
Resource room support can be scheduled for:

Specific academic subjects
Study hall periods
Transition times
Crisis intervention as needed

504 Plans vs. IEPs

While BC schools don't use 504 Plans (a US system), understanding the difference helps clarify the level of support your child might need:

IEP (Individual Education Plan):

Formal special education document
Includes specific learning goals
Provides specialized instruction
Annual reviews and updates
Legal protections and rights

Accommodation Plan:

Less formal than IEP
Focuses on classroom and testing accommodations
Regular monitoring and adjustments
Easier to implement and modify

The Assessment Process: Before, During, and After

Understanding what to expect during the ADHD assessment process helps reduce anxiety and ensures the best possible outcomes for your child.

Before the Assessment

Initial Consultation:
Most psychologists begin with a brief phone consultation to:

Understand your concerns and goals
Determine appropriate assessment battery
Provide cost estimates and timelines
Schedule assessment appointments

Paperwork and Preparation:
Before the first appointment, you'll typically complete:

Detailed developmental and medical history forms
Current behavior rating scales
School information and report cards
Consent forms for contacting teachers or other professionals

Preparing Your Child:

Explain the assessment in age-appropriate terms
Emphasize that it's not a test they can pass or fail
Ensure adequate sleep and nutrition before testing
Bring any necessary medications or comfort items
Discuss any anxieties or concerns your child has

Gathering School Information:

Recent report cards and teacher comments
Examples of schoolwork showing difficulties
Teacher rating scales (provided by psychologist)
Previous assessment reports if available

During the Assessment

Typical Assessment Schedule:
Most comprehensive assessments occur over 2-3 sessions:

Session 1 (2-3 hours):

Parent interview and history gathering
Beginning of cognitive testing
Behavioral observations

Session 2 (2-3 hours):

Completion of cognitive testing
Academic achievement testing
Attention and memory measures
Child interview

Session 3 (1-2 hours, if needed):

Additional testing if required
Clarification of findings
Review of rating scales and school information

What Your Child Can Expect:

A variety of activities including puzzles, memory games, and academic tasks
Regular breaks and encouragement
A supportive, non-judgmental environment
Activities matched to their attention span and abilities

Parent Involvement:

Providing information during interviews
Completing rating scales and questionnaires
Observing some testing (depending on psychologist's approach)
Asking questions and sharing concerns

After the Assessment

Scoring and Report Writing:
After testing is complete, the psychologist will:

Score all tests and measures
Analyze patterns and integrate findings
Write a comprehensive report
Prepare recommendations and treatment planning

Feedback Session:
A detailed feedback session (typically 1-1.5 hours) includes:

Review of all test results
Discussion of diagnosis and implications
Detailed explanation of recommendations
Opportunity for questions and clarification
Planning next steps

Written Report:
The comprehensive report typically includes:

Background information and reason for referral
Assessment procedures and tests used
Detailed results and interpretations
Diagnostic conclusions
Specific recommendations for home and school
Resources and follow-up suggestions

Choosing a Psychologist for Your Child's Assessment in BC

Selecting the right psychologist is crucial for obtaining an accurate assessment and positive experience for your child.

Essential Qualifications

Registration Requirements:
Ensure the psychologist is registered with the College of Psychologists of British Columbia (CPBC). You can verify registration status on the CPBC website.

Educational Background:
Look for psychologists with:

Doctoral (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) or Master's degree in psychology
Specialized training in child and adolescent psychology
Experience with psychoeducational assessment
Knowledge of ADHD and related conditions

Specialized Training:
Preferred additional qualifications include:

Training in ADHD assessment and treatment
Experience with learning disabilities
Child development expertise
School consultation experience

Key Considerations

Experience with Children:

Years of experience conducting child assessments
Comfort level working with your child's age group
Understanding of developmental considerations
Experience with diverse populations and backgrounds

Assessment Approach:

Comprehensive vs. focused assessment philosophy
Use of current, evidence-based measures
Integration of multiple information sources
Collaborative approach with families and schools

Communication Style:

Clear explanation of procedures and results
Responsiveness to questions and concerns
Cultural sensitivity and awareness
Ability to connect with children and families

Questions to Ask Potential Psychologists

About Their Experience:

How many child ADHD assessments do you conduct annually?
What age ranges do you typically assess?
Do you have experience with co-occurring conditions?
Can you provide references from previous clients?

About the Assessment Process:

What tests and measures do you typically use?
How long does the assessment process take?
How do you involve parents and teachers in the assessment?
What does your report include?

About Follow-up and Support:

Do you provide follow-up consultations?
Can you help with school meetings and advocacy?
Do you offer treatment or can you provide referrals?
What ongoing support do you provide families?

Practical Considerations:

What are your fees and payment options?
How soon can you schedule the assessment?
Where is your office located and is it child-friendly?
Do you offer any evening or weekend appointments?

Red Flags to Avoid

Inadequate Qualifications:

Not registered with CPBC
Limited experience with children
Promises of specific outcomes
Uses outdated or inappropriate tests

Poor Communication:

Difficulty reaching or unresponsive to calls
Unwilling to answer questions about process
Dismissive of parent concerns
Lacks cultural sensitivity

Questionable Practices:

Unusually low or high fees without explanation
Pressure to purchase additional services
Reluctance to provide credentials or references
Limited availability for follow-up support

Virtual vs. In-Person Assessments for Children

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the development of virtual assessment options, but important considerations apply when choosing between virtual and in-person testing for children.

In-Person Assessment Advantages

Traditional Benefits:

Direct behavioral observation in controlled environment
Hands-on manipulative tasks and activities
Better rapport building with young children
Immediate response to child's needs and comfort level
More comprehensive behavioral observations

Assessment Accuracy:

Standardized administration procedures
Optimal testing conditions
Reduced technical distractions
Better control of environmental factors
More reliable attention and behavior observations

Child Comfort:

Familiar clinical setting
Access to comfort items and breaks as needed
Physical movement and position changes
Direct interaction with examiner
Parents nearby for support

Virtual Assessment Considerations

When Virtual May Work:

Older children (10+ years) with good technology skills
Follow-up or consultation appointments
Parent interviews and history gathering
Some cognitive tasks adapted for virtual delivery
Rating scale reviews and feedback sessions

Limitations for Children:

Attention and engagement challenges
Technical difficulties and distractions
Limited behavioral observations
Difficulty with hands-on tasks
Home environment distractions

Technical Requirements:

Reliable high-speed internet connection
Quality webcam and audio equipment
Quiet, private space for testing
Parent availability for technical support
Backup plans for connectivity issues

Hybrid Approaches

Many psychologists now offer hybrid assessment models:

In-person testing sessions for core measures
Virtual parent interviews and consultation
Virtual feedback and report review sessions
Virtual follow-up and support meetings
Virtual school consultation when appropriate

Making the Decision

Consider Virtual When:

In-person assessment is not available in your area
Health concerns limit in-person contact
Transportation or scheduling barriers exist
Child is comfortable with technology
Assessment is primarily consultative

Choose In-Person When:

Child is under 10 years old
Comprehensive psychoeducational assessment needed
Behavioral observations are crucial
Child has attention or behavioral challenges
Technology barriers exist

Post-Diagnosis Support: Medication, School Advocacy, and Family Resources

Receiving an ADHD diagnosis for your child is just the beginning of a journey toward better understanding and support. Comprehensive post-diagnosis planning addresses multiple areas of your child's life.

Medical Management and Medication Decisions

Working with Healthcare Providers:
An ADHD diagnosis typically leads to consultation with medical professionals who can discuss treatment options:

Primary Care Approach:

Family physicians can prescribe ADHD medications
Pediatricians often manage ADHD treatment
Regular monitoring of medication effectiveness and side effects
Coordination with school and family observations

Specialist Consultation:

Child psychiatrists for complex cases
Developmental pediatricians for comprehensive care
Neurologists when other conditions are suspected
Multidisciplinary team approach when needed

Medication Considerations:
Parents face important decisions about medication treatment:

Stimulant vs. non-stimulant options
Timing and dosing considerations
Monitoring growth, appetite, and sleep
School vs. home-only medication schedules
Long-term treatment planning

Informed Decision-Making:

Understanding benefits and risks
Discussing family values and preferences
Considering child's age and development
Evaluating severity of symptoms and impairment
Exploring combination approaches (medication + behavioral interventions)

School Advocacy and Support

Implementing Accommodations:
With a formal diagnosis, parents become advocates for their child's educational needs:

School Meeting Preparation:

Sharing assessment results with school team
Discussing specific accommodation needs
Developing implementation timeline
Establishing communication protocols
Setting review and monitoring schedules

IEP Development Process:

Participating in IEP team meetings
Contributing to goal setting and planning
Understanding rights and protections
Monitoring progress and outcomes
Advocating for necessary changes

Ongoing Communication:

Regular check-ins with teachers
Home-school communication systems
Sharing strategies that work at home
Collaborating on behavioral interventions
Coordinating with medical treatment

Behavioral Interventions and Therapy

Evidence-Based Approaches:
Several therapeutic interventions can complement medical treatment:

Parent Training Programs:

Learning effective behavior management strategies
Understanding ADHD and its impact on family dynamics
Developing consistent routines and structure
Improving communication and relationship quality
Managing stress and family challenges

Child-Focused Interventions:

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for older children
Social skills training and development
Organizational and study skills coaching
Mindfulness and self-regulation training
Play therapy for younger children

Family Therapy:

Addressing family dynamics and relationships
Improving communication patterns
Managing sibling relationships and rivalry
Reducing family stress and conflict
Building family strengths and resilience

Community Resources and Support

BC-Specific Resources:

CHADD Vancouver:
Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder offers:

Parent support groups and education
Information and resource sharing
Advocacy and awareness activities
Annual conferences and workshops
Online resources and webinars

Learning Disabilities Association of BC:

Information about ADHD and learning differences
Advocacy and support services
Educational workshops and training
Resource lending library
Community connections

BC Children's Hospital Resources:

Specialized clinics and programs
Educational materials and resources
Family support services
Professional training and consultation
Research and innovation programs

Local Community Centers:

After-school programs with ADHD awareness
Social skills groups and activities
Recreation and sports programs
Summer camps with special needs experience
Family support and education programs

Building Long-Term Success

Developing Life Skills:
ADHD management extends beyond childhood, making life skills development crucial:

Organization and Time Management:

Teaching planning and prioritizing skills
Developing systems for tracking assignments and activities
Building routines and habits
Using technology tools and apps
Creating visual reminders and schedules

Social and Emotional Skills:

Understanding and managing emotions
Building positive relationships with peers
Developing empathy and social awareness
Learning conflict resolution skills
Building self-advocacy abilities

Self-Understanding and Advocacy:

Helping children understand their ADHD
Building self-awareness of strengths and challenges
Teaching self-advocacy skills
Developing independence and responsibility
Planning for future transitions and challenges

Frequently Asked Questions About ADHD Testing for Children in BC

How long does ADHD testing take for children in BC?

A comprehensive psychoeducational assessment typically takes 6-8 hours spread across 2-3 sessions over several weeks. This includes initial interviews, testing sessions, scoring, report writing, and feedback meetings. The timeline from first appointment to final report is usually 3-4 weeks for private assessments, while school-based assessments may take 6-12 months from referral to completion due to waitlists.

What is the cost of private ADHD testing for children in BC?

Private ADHD assessments for children in BC typically range from $1,500 to $3,500, depending on the scope and complexity of the assessment required. Basic assessment packages start around $1,500-$2,200, while comprehensive evaluations including full cognitive testing, academic achievement measures, and detailed behavioral assessments range from $2,500-$3,500. Additional services like school consultation or follow-up sessions may incur extra costs.

Does MSP cover ADHD testing for children?

MSP covers ADHD assessments conducted by publicly-funded psychologists or psychiatrists, including those working in school districts, Child and Youth Mental Health services, or hospital settings. However, waiting lists can be 6-12 months or longer. Private assessments are not covered by MSP, though some extended health benefits may provide partial coverage of $500-$2,000 annually.